Evidence of combining strategies of figuring out words.With more practice and more words decoded children’s sight word “bank” increases significantly.Decoding is a slow and meticulous process, but it increases in speed and precision with practice.Children are able to decode based on major grapheme to phoneme relationships.Match sounds to letters based on “orderly relationships” that they have learned.Don’t always know variable sounds of letters (ex: the hard c sound or varying sounds for w).Occasionally misread words by knowing some letter sounds but not others, or guessing incorrectly (Reading “horse” instead of “house,” or “book” instead of “block”).Guess words using a combination of letter recognition and context (ex: seeing a word that begins with the letter b and a picture of a farm together, guessing the word “barn”).Children begin to recognize distinct letters within words, partial alphabetic cues.Words are often guessed from context (ex: guessing a word based on illustrations that accompany the text).Words are read from memory based on their appearance, often words or names frequently seen in the environment (ex: McDonalds).Reading words without alphabetic knowledge.Not to be confused with high-frequency words which are the words that occur most often in text (ex: the, he, she, was, is, a, in, etc.) Sight words are any words that can be read automatically.Requires alphabetic knowledge of both phoneme pronunciation and letter shapes in memory.A mnemonic relationship is created between the written words and its pronunciation.Definition: The ability to connect the letters that make up the spelling of a word to the phonemes that make up its pronunciation to a point where reading words becomes automatic, relies on a knowledge of sound-letter relationships. ex: a in around, o in oven, ai in captain, u in ruckus.Schwa - a short, unstressed vowel sound that can be represented by many different spelling patterns.ex: jar, first, more, ear, air, fort, learns.R-controlled vowels- when the letter r follows a vowel it produces a sound that is neither long nor short.Vowel dipthong- two vowels together represent a glide from one sound to another.Vowel digraphs- two vowels that represent a single sound.Long vowel sounds are usual spelled with two vowels next to each other or in the pattern long vowel-consonant-silent e.Vowels are used to represent many different sounds, most a “short” or a “long” sound.These sounds are made by opening the breath channel and allowing the vocal cords to vibrate.The letters a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y and w.ex: gr ( grass), str ( street), sl ( sleep), lt ( belt), ft ( left), ck ( black).consonant blends- two or three consonants appearing next to each other in words where individual sounds are blended together.Notice that "th" can produce two different sounds. Also, ng ( ring), TH ( then), zh ( leisure).ch ( chair), sh ( sheet), th ( thick), wh ( what), ph ( phone).consonant digraphs- letter combinations for a single sound represented by two letters.x can take the phoneme combinations /g//z/ ( exist), /k//s/ (text), or /z/ ( xylophone).
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